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2026 Appropriation Act and bill
The signed budget in detail, by ministry, department and agency, and the final bill schedule.
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Government Budget Explorer
The ₦68.32 trillion 2026 federal budget
Signed in April 2026. Capital spending takes the largest share, with debt service and recurrent costs close behind.
Total size
The budget in three numbers
₦68.32trn2026 federal budget+24.24% vs 2025 (₦54.99trn)
₦287,630Budget per NigerianBased on a population of 237.5 million (2025, World Bank)
₦15.8trnDebt service, 202623% of the budget; about 43% of projected revenue
Spending breakdown
Where the money goes
Trillions of naira. Components as reported; they sum to ₦68.20tn against the ₦68.32tn total because of rounding in public statements.
₦32.2tnCapital expenditure · 47% of total
₦15.8tnDebt service · 23% of total
₦15.4tnRecurrent (non-debt) · 23% of total
₦4.8tnStatutory transfers · 7% of total
Top sector allocations
Security, infrastructure, education, health and agriculture
Chart: the 2026 budget proposal (December 2025). The signed budget raised the total to ₦68.32 trillion; the main changes BudgIT reports for the signed budget are shown below the chart.
Source: BudgIT analysis of the 2026 budget proposal · Dec 2025 proposal
Data table
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In the signed budget
₦6.98trnSecurity and defence10.2% of the signed budget, up from ₦5.41trn proposed
5.2%Health, share of the signed budgetAbout ₦3.55trn
About 4%Education, share of the signed budgetBelow the 15–20% UNESCO benchmark
₦6.93trnQuestionable projects identified by BudgIT11,122 projects inserted during passage
Source: BudgIT analysis of the approved 2026 budget (June 2026), as reported by Nairametrics.
Revenue sources
Where the money is expected to come from
Breakdown from BudgIT's analysis of the proposal. The signed budget projects total revenue of ₦36.87 trillion.
Source: BudgIT analysis of the 2026 budget proposal · Dec 2025 proposal
Data table
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Deficit and borrowing
The gap between spending and revenue
₦31.45trnDeficit in the signed budgetUp from ₦23.85trn in the proposal
₦36.87trnProjected revenueCovers 54% of planned spending
46%Share of spending to be borrowedMainly new domestic and foreign loans
The government did not publish a deficit figure with the signed budget; ₦31.45 trillion is spending of ₦68.32 trillion less projected revenue of ₦36.87 trillion, as calculated by BudgIT.
From proposal to law
What the National Assembly changed
The bill presented on 19 December 2025 and the Act signed on 17 April 2026.
| Item | Proposal (₦ trillion) | Signed (₦ trillion) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total spending | 58.47 | 68.32 | +9.85 (+16.8%) |
| Capital expenditure | 23.21 | 32.29 | +9.07 |
| Recurrent (non-debt) | 15.25 | 15.43 | +0.18 |
| Debt service | 15.91 | 15.81 | −0.10 |
| Statutory transfers | 4.10 | 4.80 | +0.70 |
| Projected revenue | 34.33 | 36.87 | +2.54 |
| Deficit | 23.85 | 31.45 | +7.60 |
Spending: Section 1 of the 2026 Appropriation Bill and of the final bill signed into law, as published by the Budget Office of the Federation. The budget speech of 19 December 2025 quoted ₦58.18 trillion, with capital spending presented differently; the bill document itself states ₦58.47 trillion. Revenue and deficit: BudgIT analysis of the proposal and the approved budget.
Key assumptions
The benchmarks behind the 2026 budget
Set in the proposal and kept in the signed budget.
$64.85Oil price benchmark, per barrel
1.84m bpdOil production benchmarkActual: 1.68m bpd in August 2026; 294.6m barrels in H1 against 333.0m budgeted
₦1,400/$Exchange rate assumptionOfficial rate 30 Oct 2026: ₦1,346.86
₦31.45trnBorrowing needThe deficit to be financed in 2026
Spending vs plan
How the 2026 budget is being carried out
First quarter of 2026 (January–March), against a quarter of the annual budget. From the Budget Office implementation report published on 2 November 2026.
55%Revenue collected vs plan₦5.08trn against ₦9.22trn
21%Capital released vs plan₦1.69trn against ₦8.07trn
Zero2026 capital released to ministries and agenciesBy 31 March 2026
91%Debt service as a share of revenue₦4.63trn, ₦0.75trn above plan
Source: Budget Office of the Federation, 2026 Q1 Budget Implementation Report · Q1 2026
Data table
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The full year 2024, for comparison
₦20.98trnFederal revenue, 2024Provisional
₦34.49trnFederal spending, 2024Provisional
₦13.51trnDeficit, 2024Financed by domestic and foreign borrowing and budget support
₦5.81trnCapital released for 2024 projects82% used by ministries by 30 June 2025
Sources: Budget Office of the Federation, 2026 Q1 and 2024 Q4 (provisional) Budget Implementation Reports. Some figures in the 2024 report differ between its preface and executive summary; we use the executive summary, whose figures add up.
Performance check
Planned vs. actual revenue
Revenue has fallen short of the budget in seven of the eight years from 2017 to 2024; 2023 was the exception.
10-year history
How the budget has grown
Approved budget each year, and the total including supplementary budgets.
Source: Appropriation Acts as reported by ICIR, Nairametrics and Reuben Abati compilation · 2016–2026
Data table
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Source: BudgIT analysis of federal budgets; 2026 from the signed Appropriation Act (State House, 17 April 2026) · 2022–2026
Data table
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Budget history
How the budget is split, then and now
Capital, recurrent, debt service and statutory transfers in the budget as passed, from the Budget Office’s appropriation schedules.
Source: Budget Office of the Federation, appropriation schedules · 2014–2026
Data table
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Share of each budget
9 rows
| 2014 | 4.70 | 23.8% | 52.1% | 15.1% | 8.7% |
| 2015 | 4.49 | 12.5% | 58.1% | 21.2% | 8.5% |
| 2016 | 6.06 | 26.2% | 43.7% | 24.4% | 5.8% |
| 2017 | 7.44 | 29.3% | 40.2% | 24.7% | 5.8% |
| 2018 | 9.12 | 31.5% | 38.5% | 24.1% | 5.8% |
| 2020 | 10.81 | 23.0% | 45.7% | 27.3% | 4.0% |
| 2021 | 13.59 | 30.4% | 41.5% | 24.4% | 3.7% |
| 2022 | 17.13 | 31.9% | 40.3% | 22.7% | 5.1% |
| 2026 | 68.32 | 47.3% | 22.6% | 23.1% | 7.0% |
2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2021: Appropriation Act (2015 capital includes capital spending in statutory transfers); 2017: harmonised bill as finally amended; 2020: revised COVID-19 budget; 2022: bill as passed; 2026: final bill as signed. Other years are left out until their schedules can be read from the Budget Office archive. Capital excludes capital spending inside statutory transfers.
All tiers of government
Federal, state and local: how public money is shared
Nigeria has three tiers of government: the Federal Government, 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, and 774 local government areas. Most of their revenue comes from the Federation Account, shared every month by the Federation Account Allocation Committee (FAAC).
₦2.43trnShared for September 2026Statutory revenue ₦1.67trn and VAT ₦0.76trn
52.68%Federal Government share of statutory revenueBefore derivation and other deductions
26.72%States' share of statutory revenuePlus 13% derivation for oil-producing states
20.60%Local governments' sharePaid to the 774 local government areas
Source: FAAC communiqué, September 2026 allocation, as reported by Vanguard · September 2026
Data table
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States and local governments received about ₦31.8 trillion from the Federation Account between June 2023 and September 2026, after fuel subsidy removal and exchange-rate reform raised revenue. VAT is shared differently: since the 2025 tax reforms, 10% goes to the Federal Government, 55% to states and 35% to local governments, as the September 2026 figures show. For each state’s own budget, revenue and debt, see BudgIT’s State of States report and each state’s Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning.
Official documents
Read the budget at the source
Published by the Budget Office of the Federation.
Budget implementation reports
Revenue, spending, capital releases, debt service and borrowing, quarter by quarter.
Medium-Term Expenditure Framework
The three-year revenue, spending and borrowing plan that the annual budget is built on.
Budget archive and citizens’ guides
Appropriation bills and Acts for every year since 2009, and plain-language citizens’ guides.
Excel downloads
The Budget Office archive in Excel
Every readable budget document we could collect from the Budget Office of the Federation, converted to Excel so you can sort, filter and chart it. Check figures against the original before quoting them.
The Excel archive is being prepared and will appear here shortly. In the meantime, every chart on this page has its own Excel and CSV download.
Budget calendar
Key dates
- 19 December 20252026 Appropriation Bill presented to the National Assembly (₦58.47 trillion in the bill; ₦58.18 trillion quoted in the budget speech).
- 31 March 2026National Assembly passes the 2026 budget at ₦68.32 trillion.
- 17 April 2026President signs the 2026 Appropriation Act, in force from 1 April. Capital spending under the 2025 budget is extended to 30 June 2026.
- Before 31 December 2026The 2027 budget is due to be presented to the National Assembly, according to the Minister of State for Budget.
Government Budget Explorer
Charts and historical trends
Choose a time range, hover for values, and download the data behind each chart.
Federal budget, latest year₦68.32tn2026 · Appropriation Acts as reported by ICIR
Budgeted debt service₦15.80tn2026 · BudgIT analysis of federal budgets
Source: Budget Office of the Federation, appropriation schedules · 2014–2026
Data table
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Source: Budget Office of the Federation, 2026 Q1 Budget Implementation Report · Q1 2026
Data table
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Comparisons
How Nigeria compares
Latest available year for each country, from the same international source. Nigeria is highlighted.
Comparisons use World Bank and IMF data, downloaded automatically each week. They will appear here after the next update.
Definitions and sources
What each indicator means
Definitions, units, how often each figure is published and who publishes it. Each chart shows its reference period.
| Indicator | Definition | Unit | Frequency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriation | The spending approved by the National Assembly in the annual Appropriation Act. | ₦ trillion | Annual | Budget Office of the Federation |
| Capital expenditure | Spending on long-lived assets such as roads, power and buildings. | ₦ trillion | Annual | Budget Office |
| Recurrent (non-debt) expenditure | Day-to-day running costs: salaries, pensions and overheads. | ₦ trillion | Annual | Budget Office |
| Debt service | Interest and principal repayments on government debt. | ₦ trillion | Annual | Budget Office; DMO |
| Budget deficit | Planned or actual spending minus revenue, financed by borrowing. | ₦ trillion; % of GDP | Annual | Budget Office |
| Budget implementation | Actual revenue and spending compared with the prorated budget for the period. | ₦ trillion; % | Quarterly | Budget Office, Budget Implementation Reports |
Methodology
How these figures are compiled
Budget figures are as passed in each Appropriation Act, including supplementary budgets where stated. Implementation compares actual figures with the budget prorated to the period. Components may not add to totals because of rounding in official statements. Cross-country comparisons use IMF general government data.
Downloads
Get the data
- Federal budget by type of spending, as passed (2014–2026) CSVExcelJSON
- Federal revenue: budgeted vs actual, 2017–2024 CSVExcelJSON
- 2026 budget: plan vs actual, January–March 2026 CSVExcelJSON
- Federation Account allocation by tier of government, September 2026 CSVExcelJSON
- FAAC allocations to states and local governments, June 2023 to September 2026 CSVExcelJSON
- Federal budget size, 2016–2026 CSVExcelJSON
- Federal debt service in the budget, 2022–2026 CSVExcelJSON
- 2026 budget proposal: largest sector allocations CSVExcelJSON
Related research
Analysis and publications on this topic
See also: Public debt · State finances
Coming next
Budget tools in development
Budget performance tracker
Releases and spending against appropriation, quarter by quarter.
MDA explorer
Allocations by ministry, department and agency, year on year.
State budgets
Compare the 36 states and the FCT on revenue, spending and debt.
Sources
- Tinubu signs ₦68.32tn 2026 budget (Nairametrics)
- President assents to the 2026 Appropriation Bill (State House, 17 Apr 2026)
- President presents the ₦58.18tn 2026 Appropriation Bill (State House, 19 Dec 2025)
- BudgIT analysis of the approved 2026 budget (PDF)
- The ₦68 trillion budget and the deficit Nigeria won't name (Nairametrics, opinion)
- 2027 budget to be presented in December (Premium Times)
- Budget documents 2009–2026 (Budget Office of the Federation)
- Quarterly budget implementation reports (Budget Office of the Federation)
- FAAC shares ₦2.43trn for September 2026 (Vanguard)
- FAAC allocations to states and LGs since 2023 (ThisDay)
- State of States report 2025 (BudgIT)
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